Preventative medicine programs for individual farms are the main emphasis. Reproduction is very important but this is also coordinated with nutrition, heifer raising, vaccinations, mastitis control and records analysis.
Our practice area includes Henry, Putnam, Paulding, Defiance, Williams, Fulton, and Wood counties, as well as Indiana and Michigan counties. New clients are welcomed if interested in preventative medicine programs.
2) How to Calculate Dilutions for Foot Bath Solutions
3) Effects of Clinical Matistitis on Milk Yield in Dairy Cows
4) Early Embrionic Death (EED)
6) This link helps determine lighting needs for a dairy barn
The OvSynch Breeding Program is used for time breeding cows. No heat detection is necessary, in fact you will actually observe very few in heat. In my opinion it is best if you start on Monday or Tuesday. The program has 4 steps and timing is very critical.
Step 1: Give CystorellinŽ Monday early A.M.
Step 2: Give LutalyseŽ the following Monday night
Step 3: Give CystorellinŽ Wednesday night (48 hours after
LutalyseŽ)
Step 4: Breed cows 16 - 18 hours after CystorellinŽ
1________________________2___________3_______4______________
Monday Monday Wednesday Thursday
A.M. P.M. P.M. noon
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
How to Calculate Dilutions for Foot Bath Solutions
By J.K. Shearer and S. Van Amstel
(as appeared in Hoard’s Dairyman October 25, 1999)
It IS important to know how to properly dilute compounds for use in foot baths. Too high concentrations of foot bath compounds waste money and may even harm cows. Foot bath solutions that are too dilute are likely to not be effective.
First, if you are lucky and the foot bath you are working with is square or rectangular, you can use the following formula to determine the volume of solution in gallons it will hold:
Length (in feet) times width (in feet) times 7.46 equals volume in gallons.
So, to calculate the number of gallons of water in a foot bath 6 feet long by 3 feet wide and 6 inches deep, you would multiply 6 by 3 by 0.5 (1/2 foot deep) by 7.46 to get 67 gallons.
So far so good. But the concentrations of many products used in foot baths are presented in metric terms. Therefore, you must next convert gallons to liters.
Since there are 3.8 liters in 1 gallon, all you need to do to determine the total number of liters in the above example is simply multiply the total number of gallons by 3.8 (67 gallons x 3.8 (liters in 1 gallon) equals 255 liters).
Next, let’s say that we want to prepare a foot bath solution containing a 1-gram-per-liter concentration of some compound. If we add 100 grams of this compound to 255 liters of foot bath solution, the concentration of this compound in the fool bath is 1 gram per 2.55 liters. This does not achieve our objective. However, if we add another 155 grams of this compound to the solution, we achieve a 1 gram per liter concentration (255 grams in 255 liters).
This is logical, right? What makes the process difficult is that these concentrations sometimes are listed in milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml), rather than grams per liter.
Consider these relationships:
1 liter = 1,000 milliliters (ml)
1 gram = 1,000 milligrams (mg)
If we add 1 gram of a compound to 1 liter of solution, we end up with a 1 gram per liter concentration of that compound in the solution. Assuming that this compound is freely dissolved and distributed in the solution, there is 1 mg of compound in every 1 ml of this solution. In other words: 1 gram/liter is equivalent to 1 mg/ml.
When using measurements in metric terms for figuring foot bath dilutions, start by determining the total volume of the foot bath in liters. Next, if possible, convert your compound (active ingredients) into grams, and try to keep concentrations in grams per liter. Finally, don’t be afraid to ask your veterinarian, nutritionist, or other person experienced with doing dilutions in metric terms for help.
The following are dilution rates for commonly used foot bathing agents*:
Copper sulfate
5 percent – requires 8 pounds copper sulfate in 20 gallons of water
10 percent – requires 16 pounds copper sulfate in 20 gallons of water
Formalin
5 percent – requires 1 gallon of 36 percent of formaldehyde in 19 gallons of water
Zinc sulfate
20 percent requires 34 of agricultural grade zinc sulfate monohydrate (36 percent) in 20 gallons of water
*The compounds listed here do not represent an endorsement or recommendation by the authors or Hoard’s Dairyman. They are listed here simply for the sake of information. Readers are specifically advised that formalin must be handled with extreme care. Physical harm may occur from direct contact or from exposure to aerosols.
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
EFFECTS OF CLINICAL MASTITIS ON MILK YIELD IN DAIRY COWS
P. Rajala-Schultz, Y. Grohn, C. McCulloch and C. Guard
The effect of clinical mastitis on milk yield was studied in 24,276 Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved in 1993 and were followed for one lactation (i.e., until culling or the next calving). Cows that had only mastitis, but no other diseases, and cows that had no diseases (healthy cows) during the lactation were included in the study. Monthly test day milk yields were treated as repeated measurements within an animal in a mixed model analysis. Mastitis index categories were created to relate the timing of mastitis to the test day milk measures. Statistical models (a separate model for each parity) included fixed effects of calving season, stage of lactation, and mastitis index. An autoregressive correlation structure was used to model the association among the repeated measurements. The effect of mastitis occurring at different periods during the lactation was studied. The daily loss during the first 2 wk after the occurrence of mastitis varied from 1.0 to 2.5 kg, and the total loss over the entire lactation varied from 110 to 552 kg and depended on parity and the time of mastitis occurrence. Regardless of the time of occurrence during the lactation, mastitis had a long-lasting effect on milk yield; cows with mastitis did not reach their premastitis milk yields during the remainder of the lactation after onset of the disease.
The daily losses because of clinical mastitis varied between 1.0 and 2.5 kg during the first 2 wk after the diagnosis of the disease, and the overall loss because of mastitis over the lactation varied between 110 and 552 kg and depended on parity and the time of mastitis occurrence. When mastitis occurred during late lactation, the decline of milk yield started 2 to 4 prior to the onset of the clinical mastitis and suggested the presence of subclinical mastitis. Mastitis has a long lasting effect on milk yield; after contracting mastitis, a cow was not able to reach her premastitis milk yield during the rest of the lactation.
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
This information was posted by Dr. Warnick on AABP – L on December 10, 1999.
In a study done at Cornell in 2015 cows, we looked at the percentages bred again or diagnosed open after cows were diagnosed pregnant at various intervals post-insemination. We found that apparent fetal loss was higher for cows diagnosed pregnant earlier in gestation.
The percentages for subsequent breeding were:
30-36d; 16.4%
37-43; 4.1%
44-50; 3.8%
51-57; 2.6%
58-64; 2.8%
65-71; 2.2%
>71; 1.4%
Percentages subsequently diagnosed open were:
30-36d; 14.8%
37-43; 3.2%
44-50; 0.9%
51-57; 0.5%
58-64; 0.9%
65-71; 0.5%
>71; 0.4%
Our results were generally consistent with earlier studies. Of course apparent fetal loss includes actual embryonic or fetal loss, false positive diagnoses, and losses caused by palpation. Also breeding after pregnancy diagnosis doesn’t confirm fetal loss because of inaccurate heat detection and signs of estrus in about 5% of pregnant cows.
Lorin D. Warnick DVM, PhD
Department of Population medicine and Diagnostic Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York 14853
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
FARM CALL/ MILEAGE TRIP CHARGE
10 miles or less = $15.50
10-19 miles = $15.50 + 0.50 per mile
20+ miles = $1.00 per mile
30+ miles = $1.25 per mile
Mileage is calculated from our office to the farm (one way only).
MILEAGE-HERD HEALTH
A herd health mileage fee will be charged instead of the regular farm call/mileage fee when monthly (or more frequent) visits are scheduled one month in advance. This fee will be $10.00 less than the regular farm call/mileage.
If your account is not current, regular fees will be charged.
DISCOUNT
The farm call or herd health call fee will be reduced 50% for each 120 minutes of professional service on a single invoice.
Example: $20.00 normal farm call/mileage fee
120 minutes = $ 10.00
240 minutes = $ 0.00
If your account is not current, no discount will be allowed.
LATE CALL and EMERGENCY FEE
To be the most efficient due to the distances we drive, we would like to have you call our office by 9:00 AM for calls that day if possible. We understand that in many cases this is not possible and encourage you to call as early in the day as you can.
Late call = any call we receive after already being in your area that day and requires us to drive more miles than usual. An extra mileage fee will be added at the doctors’ discretion based on how many extra miles are driven.
Emergency call/ After hours call = a call that requires special consideration and must be completed as soon as possible or is after 5:00 PM. An additional fee will be added, as these calls require more driving than usual. The emergency/after hours fee is $18.00.
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
Professional services will be billed at $75.00 per hour in one-minute increments.
CREDIT/ INVOICING
Any single invoice (not statement) of $500.00 or more can deduct 5% if we receive payment within 10 days of the day the invoice is printed. This invoice may be service, inventory, or both. No allowance will be made for Saturday, Sunday, or Holiday. We must be able to deposit by the tenth day. You will be mailed two copies of the invoice with the allowable discount. You must return one copy when sending your payment.
Statements will be printed on the first day of each month. All balances will be due by the last day of the month.
To maintain a "current" balance all statement fees must be paid by the last day of the month the statement was printed.
An account will be considered "not current" if it contains an unpaid $500.00 "inventory invoice".
Any account "not current" will not be eligible for:
1). reduced herd health fee.
2). 50% discount on mileage fee.
3). 5% discount for ten day payment.
4). drop ship orders for inventory items (quantity prices).
Any unpaid balance greater than 30 days will have a finance charge of 1.8% per month added.
A credit card may be used to pay any regular balance. A credit card may not be used to pay invoices receiving a discount or invoices containing drop ship orders (even if contained in a monthly invoice). This is due to the processing fee we must pay the bank. We will allow a credit card to be used to pay these invoices when you pay the processing fee which is generally 2 ˝ - 3 ˝% of the total.
INVENTORY
Non Prescription products and Vaccines may be sold to anyone. To be able to purchase Prescription products or Extra Label Use Drugs (ELUD) there must first exist a Doctor-Client-Patient relationship as established by FDA. Basically this means we must be providing professional services on your farm which would encompass use of these products.
Each inventory item will have four (4) price levels if appropriate.
single unit price.
quantity price.
5% discount – single unit level.
5% discount – quantity level.
Any invoice containing at least $500.00 of inventory products will receive a 5%discount and MUST be paid within 10 days. If not paid within 10 days, the account will not be considered "current" and the discount will not be allowed.
Inventory items may be dispensed from our trucks. Quantity levels will not be guaranteed unless ordered in adequate time before the farm visit.
Inventory items can be shipped from our office. Quantities will not be guaranteed from our office. Shipping fees will be added to any order less than $500.00. Orders over $500.00 will have no shipping fees.
Drop ship orders will be shipped directly to your farm from our supplier. Any product may be ordered and dropped shipped; it does not have to be quantity level. You may combine single units of some items and quantity level of other products.
No shipping fees will be added on orders over $150.00. Drop ship orders will be received in two shipping days. Vaccines or refrigerator items will not be shipped on Thursday or Friday. Appropriate labels will be shipped from our office for all drop ship items. Inspection of products will be done at the next herd visit to insure proper labels were put on. Drop ship orders over $500.00 will receive a 5% discount and MUST be paid within 10 days. You may only have one unpaid drop ship order on your account at a time. Another drop ship order cannot be placed until the previous is paid and your account is "current".
Inventory prices may change on a daily basis and price sheets may not always have current prices. Please call our office for the current price.
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
| Cell Count Milk loss LS SCC Range (Midpoint) Lb/cow/day |
|||||
0 |
0 |
- |
17,000 |
12,500 |
0 |
1 |
18,000 |
- |
34,000 |
25,000 |
0 |
2 |
35,000 |
- |
70,000 |
50,000 |
0 |
3 |
71,000 |
- |
140,000 |
100,000 |
1.5 |
4 |
141,000 |
- |
282,000 |
200,000 |
3 |
5 |
282,000 |
- |
565,000 |
400,000 |
4.5 |
6 |
566,000 |
- |
1,130,000 |
800,000 |
6 |
7 |
1,131,000 |
- |
2,262,000 |
1,600,000 |
7.5 |
8 |
2,263,000 |
- |
4,525,000 |
3,200,000 |
9 |
9 |
4,526,000 |
- |
9,999,000 |
6,400,000 |
10.5 |
Source: NMC and TX DHI
Somatic Cell Counts as They Relate to Milk Losses
CMT |
WMT |
Somatic Cell count |
Milk Loss |
Production lbs. Loss Per cow/per year* |
Neg |
2 5 |
100,000 200,000 |
3% 6% |
400 800 |
Trace |
8 10 |
300,000 400,000 |
7% 8% |
1,000 1,200 |
1 |
12 14 16 18 20 22 |
500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1,000,000 |
9% 10% 11% 12% |
1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,650 1,700 |
2 |
25 |
>1,200,000 | >12% | >1,700 |
*Based on 14,000 – 15,000 lbs. Average per cow/year
Source: Dairy Herd Improvement Association and Philpot (1984) 60235
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
...that approximately 300-500 pounds of blood must circulate through the udder to produce only 1 pound of milk.
...that the cow's udder weighs approximately 25 to 80 pounds without milk. It can hold more than 100 pounds of milk.
...that milk is the only source of lactose found in nature.
...that fluid milk contains an average of only 0.3% cholesterol.
Dairy Industry Milestones
* The first cows arrived at the Jamestown Colony in Virginia in 1611.
* The first plastic milk jug was commercially introduced only 35 years ago (1964).
* The current production record for 1 cow in 1 year is 70,000 pounds of milk.
Words to Live By
"Don't cross the field unless you can do it in 9.9 seconds. The bull can do it in 10." - Author Unknown
"Nature gave man two ends - one to sit on and one to think with. Ever since then man's success or failure has been dependent on the one he used the most." -George R. Kirkpatrick
"Don't wrestle with pigs. You both get dirty, and the pigs like it." -Mark Twain
Return to Dairy Page Index
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page
Deja moo : The feeling you've heard this bull before.
Got any good jokes we can use on this site?
Please send them to http://www.email@napolenvet.com/
Return to Dairy Page Index
If you have comments or questions please contact our office.
Return to Napoleon Veterinary Clinic Home Page